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Author |
Bonhomme, Camille |
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Title |
Les prédateurs aux interfaces eau-air accélèrent-ils le recyclage des nutriments ? |
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2016 |
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38 |
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broméliacées à réservoirs ; aquatic communities ; nitrogen cycling ; predation ; digestive mutualism |
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Étant donné le risque d'extinction accru des niveaux trophiques supérieurs en réponse aux changements environnementaux, la compréhension des mécanismes qui déterminent l’importance des prédateurs dans les fonctions clés de l’écosystème est essentielle. Les broméliacées à réservoirs sont des plantes capables d’absorber une partie de l’azote recyclé par les communautés de micro et macro-organismes aquatiques qu’elles hébergent dans les réservoirs d’eau entre leurs feuilles. Ces plantes ont été utilisées comme habitat dans lesquelles nous avons recréé différentes configurations de communautés aquatiques. En serres, l’apport de proies terrestres enrichies en 15N a permis de déterminer quelle configuration de communauté permet le recyclage le plus rapide de l’azote, en utilisant les broméliacées comme « intégrateurs ». Au laboratoire, nous avons testé l’influence d’un prédateur chassant à l’interface eau-air sur la quantité de proies terrestres entrant dans l’ «écosystème broméliacée ». Nos résultats montrent que (i) les prédateurs chassant à l’interface eau-air ont permis une augmentation de l’entrée de nutriments allochtones, (ii) les micro-organismes ont joué un rôle essentiel dans le recyclage de cet l’azote, et (iii) les prédateurs ont permis d’accélérer ce recyclage, d’autant plus qu’ils sont restés longtemps dans la plante. Nos résultats donnent un aperçu des mécanismes qui peuvent déterminer l’importance des effets « top-down » et « bottom-up » sur le cycle des nutriments dans d’autres systèmes. |
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Master's thesis |
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Université de Guyane |
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Cayenne |
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EcoFoG @ carole.legrand @ |
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290 |
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Author |
Maillard, Basile |
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Title |
Variations interspécifiques de traits fonctionnels liés à l'acquisition et au stockage des ressources chez les broméliacées |
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Report |
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2016 |
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24 |
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broméliacées ; endophytes racinaires ; feuilles ; traits fonctionnels ; trichonnes foliaires ; types écophysiologiques |
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Abstract |
Les broméliacées, présentant différentes écologies et adaptations, ont été classées en 5 types écophysiologiques en fonction de la forme de vie (épiphyte, terrestre ou lithophyte), la morphologie de la rosette (avec ou sans réservoir d’eau), le métabolisme photosynthétique (C3 ou CAM) ou encore le caractère absorbant ou non des trichomes et racines. L’objectif du stage était de caractériser si certains traits foliaires et racinaires pouvaient discriminer les types écophysiologiques représentés par 14 espèces. Les résultats montrent que les parties apicales et basales des feuilles se spécialisent différemment en fonction de l’exposition lumière. La taille du disque central des trichomes augmente avec la sécheresse. La densité de trichome de la partie apicale supérieure résulte d’un trade-off entre l’acquisition de l’eau et l’exposition à la lumière. Aussi, le genre A echmea présente un grand nombre de stomates, les T illandsia atmosphériques un plus grand recouvrement de la surface foliaire par les trichomes et les C3 ont un LMA plus
petit. Enfin, les associations fongiques permettent de différencier le genre T illandsia des autres genres. Pour conclure, certains traits permettent de discriminer les types écophysiologiques mais ce sont avant tout la disponibilité en eau et l’exposition à la lumière qui façonnent les traits fonctionnels. |
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EcoFoG @ carole.legrand @ |
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291 |
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Author |
Ribaud, Margot |
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Comment améliorer la cartographie de la biodiversité de la forêt amazonienne ? |
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Report |
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2016 |
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29 |
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cartographie ; biodiversité ; forêt amazonienne |
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EcoFoG @ carole.legrand @ |
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292 |
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Lopez, Manon |
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Title |
Les plantations forestières en Guyane : sont elles une solution durable à l'approvisionnement bois dans les prochaines années ? |
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Report |
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2016 |
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plantations forestières ; Guyane française ; filière bois ; carbone |
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ONF |
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Cayenne - Guyane française |
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EcoFoG @ carole.legrand @ |
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293 |
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Houël, Emeline ; Rodrigues, A.M.S. ; Amusant, N. ; Odonne, G. ; Courtois, E. ; Beauchêne, J. ; Jahn-Oyac, A. ; Bessière, J.M. ; Gonzales, G. ; Duplais, C. ; Espindola, L. S. ; Eparvier, V. ; Deharo, E. ; Dusfour, I. ; Stien, D. |
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How can plant defences lead to valuable products? Inspiration from plant complexity in phytochemistry |
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Conference Article |
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2016 |
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Celebration of the 50th anniversary of the CAY Herbarium – “The importance of the herbarium in plant science” International conference – Cayenne – French Guiana – 5-8 October 2015 |
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69 |
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Flora of the Guianas (FOG) Meeting and Seminars |
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EcoFoG @ carole.legrand @ |
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301 |
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Fu, T. ; Touboul, D. ; Della-Negra, S. ; Houël, E. ; Amusant, N. ; Duplais, C. ; Brunelle, A. |
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Localization od bioactive metabolites in durable ? Tropical tree Sextonia rubra (Lauracaea) with argon and bismuth cluster dual beam depth profiliing and imaging |
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Conference Article |
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2016 |
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Imaging mass spectrometry conference – Ustron – Pologne – Octobre 2016 |
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Many tropical tree species generate natural decay resistance by producing bioactive metabolites. Among them, Sextonia rubra (Lauraceae) is a widely exploited species for construction in French Guiana. Rubrynolide and rubrenolide, which are secondary metabolites isolated from the stem wood of S. rubra, exhibit potent antifungal and termiticidal activities that result in the exceptional durability of the heartwood. Although the structure and total synthesis of these two biologically active compounds have been well described in literature, little is known about their cellular localization or biosynthesis process in living trees. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) has been well known for its high lateral resolution imaging with a typical beam size of 0.4-2 µm, thus sufficient to image the wood surface at subcellular level.
Wood surfaces of sapwood, transition zone and heartwood from living trees of S. rubra were prepared with ultramicrotome using diamond knife. Each surface was mapped by Bi3+ cluster TOF-SIMS with high lateral resolution (~ 0.4 µm) which was achieved by employing burst alignment primary ion focusing mode with an extraction delay of the secondary ions to improve mass resolution. 3D imaging of a multi-structure wood sample was performed using dual beam depth profiling method, with 25 keV Bi3+ and 10 keV Ar1000+ as analysis and sputter beam, respectively. To examine the effect of life-history traits on the production of bioactive metabolites, the corresponding counterparts from a tree which had suffered stress during growth were investigated as well. |
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EcoFoG @ carole.legrand @ |
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302 |
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Leponce, Maurice ; Novotny, Vojtech ; Pascal, Olivier ; Robillard, Tony ; Legendre, Frederic ; Villemant, Claire ; Munzinger, Jérôme ; Molino, Jean François ; Drew, Richard ; Odegaard, Frode ; Schmidl, Jürgen ; Tishechkin, Alexey ; Sam, Katerina ; Bickel, Daniel ; Dahl, Chris ; Damas, Kipiro ; Fayle, Tom M. ; Gewa, Bradley ; Jacquemin, Justine ; Keltim, Martin ; Klimes, Petr ; Koane, Bonny ; Kua, Joseph ; Mantilleri, Antoine ; Mogia, Martin ; Molem, Kenneth ; Moses, Jimmy ; Nowatuo, Hans ; Orivel, Jérôme ; Pintaud, Jean Christophe ; Roisin, Yves ; Sam, Legi ; Siki, Byron ; Soldati, Laurent ; Soulier Perkins, Adeline ; Tulai, Salape ; Yombai, Jacob ; Wardhaugh, Carl ; Basset, Yves |
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Land module of our planet reviewed – Papua New Guinea: aims, methods and first taxonomical results |
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2016 |
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Insects of Mount Wilhelm, Papua New Guinea |
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11-48 |
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Until now the altitudinal factor has not been taken into account to estimate tropical arthropod diversity. The ultimate aim of the terrestrial biodiversity
survey “Our Planet Reviewed – Papua New Guinea” was to estimate biological diversity generated by altitudinal turnover of arthropod species. It took place on Mount Wilhelm, Papua New Guinea highest peak (4509 m a.s.l.), and one of the few equatorial mountains outside the Andes left with a continuous undisturbed forest from the sea level all the way to the timber line limit. An unprecedented sampling effort was concentrated over 16 days in 2012 with a semi-simultaneous sampling at eight different elevations (every 500 m from 200 m to 3700 m a.s.l.). Arthropods were collected with various methods: flight interception traps (targeting Coleoptera), Malaise traps (targeting Hymenoptera, Diptera and Hemiptera), Steiner traps (targeting tephritid flies), beating of the understorey vegetation, and insecticide spraying on tree barks (various groups targeted). A botany survey was conducted at each elevation to characterize vegetation. An additional site, Wanang, was sampled according to the same protocol, as replicated lowland site. Our team combined international experts with local postgraduate students, para-ecologists and villagers. Arthropod samples collected during the biotic survey were pre-sorted in Papua New Guinea and forwarded to taxonomists worldwide. The current book presents the first taxonomic results of the biotic survey. Project outputs included not only species discovery, but also direct financial benefits to landowner communities, raised profile of conservation areas, training of paraecologists and postgraduate students, education programmes and, finally, crucial biodiversity information needed for ecological analyses and conservation management. |
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Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle |
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Paris - France |
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978-2-85653-784-8 |
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EcoFoG @ carole.legrand @ |
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269 |
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Gérard, J. ; Guidal, D. ; Paradis, S. ; Cerre, J.C. ; Châlon, I. ; Thévenon, M.F. ; Thibaut, A. ; Brancheriau, L. ; Gandon, G. ; Guyot, A. ; Langbour, P. ; Lotte, S. ; Marchal, R. ; Martin, P. ; Thibaut, B. ; Vernay, M. ; Amusant, N. ; Baudassé, C. ; Boutahar, C. ; Cabantous, B. ; Gérard, C. ; Méjean, C. ; Mouras, S. ; Troalen, N. ; Vialle, M. ; Volle, G. ; Zaremski, A.; Baillères, H. ; Beauchêne, J. ; Boyer, F. ; Calchera, G. ; Candelier, K. ; Daigremont, C. ; Fouquet, D. ; Gallet, P. ; Koese, S. ; Leménager, N. ; Martin, L. ; Napoli, A. ; Pignolet, L. ; Pinta, F. ; Roda, J.M. ; Sales, C. ; Valière, P. |
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Title |
Atlas des bois tropicaux |
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2016 |
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999 |
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Keywords |
bois ; nomenclature ; identification ; anatomie du bois ; technologie du bois ; propriété technologique ; propriété physicochimique ; propriété mécanique ; utilisation ; préservation du bois ; sciage ; séchage ; monde ; bois tropical ; atlas ; fiche technique ; choix des bois |
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Quae |
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Français |
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Guide pratique : Quae |
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9782759225507 |
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EcoFoG @ carole.legrand @ |
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